Вісник Національного університету оборони України

  • Отримано 27.01.2025,
  • Доопрацьовано 08.03.2025,
  • Прийнято 30.04.2025
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Том 20, № 3, 2025
  • стрес; травматизація; бойовий стрес; психологічна стійкість; резильєнтність; психологічна гнучкість; посттравматичний стресовий розлад; військовослужбовці
  • https://doi.org/10.33099/2617-6858-2025-85-3-118-124
  • Сторінки 118-124

У статті розкриваються теоретичні основи травматичного стресу, що виникає у військовослужбовців під час виконання бойових завдань. Розглянуто основні сучасні концепції резильєнтності (англ. resilience, стійкість, пружність, еластичність, гнучкість) військовослужбовця, яку можна представити як процес позитивної адаптації після травматичної події, яка загрожує здоров’ю чи життю людини

Використані джерела

  1. American Psychological Association. (2014). The road to resilience. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx
  2. Benjet, C., Bromet, E., Karam, E. G., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Ruscio, A. M., … Koenen, K. C. (2016). The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychological medicine, 46(2), 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001981
  3. Bonanno, G. A. (2021). The resilience paradox. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1942642
  4. Bonanno, G. A., & Burton, C. L. (2013). Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6), 591–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504116
  5. Bonanno, G. A., Romero, S. A., & Klein, S. I. (2015). The temporal elements of psychological resilience: An integrative framework for the study of individuals, families, and communities. Psychological Inquiry, 26(2), 139–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2015.992677
  6. Cabrera, O. A., Trachik, B. J., Ganulin, M. L., Dretsch, M. N., & Adler, A. B. (2023). Longitudinal measurement invariance and growth curve modeling of psychological resilience across the deployment cycle. Military Psychology, 36(4), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2023.2188846
  7. Campbell, D. J., & Nobel, O. B.-Y. (2009). Occupational stressors in military service: A review and framework. Military Psychology, 21(sup2), S47–S67. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995600903249149
  8. Casella, L., & Motta, R. W. (1990). Comparison of characteristics of Vietnam verterans with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological Reports, 67, 595–605. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1990.67.2.595
  9. Chen, S., & Bonanno, G. A. (2021). Components of emotion regulation flexibility: Linking latent profiles to depressive and anxious symptoms. Clinical Psychological Science, 9 (2), 236–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702620956972
  10. Connor, K. M. (2006). Assessment of resilience in the after math of trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(2), 46–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
  11. Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
  12. Crane, M. F. (2017). A manager’s introductory guide to resilience. In M. F. Crane (Ed.), Managing for resilience: A practical guide for employee wellbeing and organizational performance (pp. 1–12). Routledge.
  13. Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Ruggles, K. V., & Chen, Z. (2018). Data science in the Research Domain Criteria era: Relevance of machine learning to the study of stress pathology, recovery, and resilience. Chronic Stress, 2, 24705. https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547017747553
  14. Iversen, Z. A., Almagor Tikotzki, M., & Kurman, J. (2022). Psychological resilience: Predictors and measurement among Israel Defense Force combat officer candidates. Military Psychology, 35(6), 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2022.2127986
  15. Kalisch, R., Baker, D. G., Basten, U., Boks, M. P., Bonanno, G. A., Brummelman, E., … Kleim, B. (2017). The resilience framework as a strategy to combat stress-related disorders. Nature human behaviour, 1(11), 784–790. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0200-8
  16. Kamphuis, W., Delahaij, R., Duel, J., Geuze, E., & Vermetten, E. (2021). The relationship between resilience resources and long-term deployment-related PTSD symptoms: A longitudinal study in Dutch veterans. Military Behavioral Health, 9(3), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 21635781.2020.1864528
  17. Karam, E. G., Friedman, M. J., Hill, E. D., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Petukhova, M., … Koenen, K. C. (2014). Cumulative traumas and risk thresholds: 12-month PTSD in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Depression and anxiety, 31(2), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22169
  18. Mary, A., Dayan, J., Leone, G., Postel, C., Fraisse, F., Malle, … Gagnepain, P. (2020). Resilience after trauma: The role of memory suppression. Science (New York, N.Y.), 367(6479), eaay8477. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay8477
  19. Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2016). Resilience in development: Progress and transformation. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology (Vol. 4, risk, resilience, and intervention) (3rd ed., pp. 271–333). New York: Wiley.
  20. Pietrzak, R. H., & Southwick, S. M. (2011). Psychological resilience in OEF-OIF Veterans: application of a novel classification approach and examination of demographic and psychosocial correlates. Journal of affective disorders, 133(3), 560–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.028
  21. Polusny, M. A., Marquardt, C. A., Hagel-Campbell, E., Filetti, C. R., Noël, V. V., Disner, S. G., … Erbes, C. R. (2021). Advancing research on mechanisms of resilience (armor) longitudinal cohort study of new military recruits: results from a feasibility pilot study. Research in Human Development, 18(3), 212–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2021.1964898
  22. Prykhodko, I., Kolesnichenko, O., Matsehora, Y., Aleshchenko, V., Kovalchuk, O., Matsevko, T., Krotiuk, V., & Kuzina, V. (2022). Effects of posttraumatic stress and combat losses on the combatants’ resilience. Československá Psychologie, 66(2), 157-169. https://doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.66.2.157
  23. Prykhodko, I., Matsehora,Y., Kolesnichenko, O., Voloshko, S., Vintoniak, V., Vasyukova, N., Budahiants, L., Kuzina, V., Motyka, S. (2024). Combat Stress in Military Personnel: Theory, Genesis, Prevention, and Control. Romanian Journal of Military Medicine, 127(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2023.127.1.3
  24. Reed-Fitzke, K., Ferraro, A. J., Duncan, J. M., Wojciak, A. S., Hamilton, A., & Pippert, H. D. (2022). Resilience in Army STARRS: Evaluating psychometrics of a multi-dimensional resilience measure. Military Psychology, 35(6), 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2022.2131187
  25. Ryff C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 83(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
  26. Schultebraucks, K., Choi, K. W., Galatzer-Levy, I. R., & Bonanno, G. A. (2021). Discriminating Heterogeneous Trajectories of Resilience and Depression After Major Life Stressors Using Polygenic Scores. JAMA psychiatry, 78(7), 744–752. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0228
  27. Shedler, J., Mayman, M., & Manis, M. (1993). The illusion of mental health. American Psychologist, 48(11), 1117–1131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.48.11.1117
  28. Sisto, A., Vicinanza, F., Campanozzi, L. L., Ricci, G., Tartaglini, D., & Tambone, V. (2019). Towards a Transversal Definition of Psychological Resilience: A Literature Review. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(11), 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55110745
  29. Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. European journal of psychotraumatology, 5, 10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338
  30. References
  31. American Psychological Association. (2014). The road to resilience. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx
  32. Benjet, C., Bromet, E., Karam, E. G., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Ruscio, A. M., … Koenen, K. C. (2016). The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychological medicine, 46(2), 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001981
  33. Bonanno, G. A. (2021). The resilience paradox. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1942642
  34. Bonanno, G. A., & Burton, C. L. (2013). Regulatory flexibility: An individual differences perspective on coping and emotion regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6), 591–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613504116
  35. Bonanno, G. A., Romero, S. A., & Klein, S. I. (2015). The temporal elements of psychological resilience: An integrative framework for the study of individuals, families, and communities. Psychological Inquiry, 26(2), 139–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2015.992677
  36. Cabrera, O. A., Trachik, B. J., Ganulin, M. L., Dretsch, M. N., & Adler, A. B. (2023). Longitudinal measurement invariance and growth curve modeling of psychological resilience across the deployment cycle. Military Psychology, 36(4), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2023.2188846
  37. Campbell, D. J., & Nobel, O. B.-Y. (2009). Occupational stressors in military service: A review and framework. Military Psychology, 21(sup2), S47–S67. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995600903249149
  38. Casella, L., & Motta, R. W. (1990). Comparison of characteristics of Vietnam verterans with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological Reports, 67, 595–605. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1990.67.2.595
  39. Chen, S., & Bonanno, G. A. (2021). Components of emotion regulation flexibility: Linking latent profiles to depressive and anxious symptoms. Clinical Psychological Science, 9 (2), 236–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702620956972
  40. Connor, K. M. (2006). Assessment of resilience in the after math of trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(2), 46–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
  41. Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
  42. Crane, M. F. (2017). A manager’s introductory guide to resilience. In M. F. Crane (Ed.), Managing for resilience: A practical guide for employee wellbeing and organizational performance (pp. 1–12). Routledge.
  43. Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Ruggles, K. V., & Chen, Z. (2018). Data science in the Research Domain Criteria era: Relevance of machine learning to the study of stress pathology, recovery, and resilience. Chronic Stress, 2, 24705. https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547017747553
  44. Iversen, Z. A., Almagor Tikotzki, M., & Kurman, J. (2022). Psychological resilience: Predictors and measurement among Israel Defense Force combat officer candidates. Military Psychology, 35(6), 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2022.2127986
  45. Kalisch, R., Baker, D. G., Basten, U., Boks, M. P., Bonanno, G. A., Brummelman, E., … Kleim, B. (2017). The resilience framework as a strategy to combat stress-related disorders. Nature human behaviour, 1(11), 784–790. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0200-8
  46. Kamphuis, W., Delahaij, R., Duel, J., Geuze, E., & Vermetten, E. (2021). The relationship between resilience resources and long-term deployment-related PTSD symptoms: A longitudinal study in Dutch veterans. Military Behavioral Health, 9(3), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 21635781.2020.1864528
  47. Karam, E. G., Friedman, M. J., Hill, E. D., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Petukhova, M., … Koenen, K. C. (2014). Cumulative traumas and risk thresholds: 12-month PTSD in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Depression and anxiety, 31(2), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22169
  48. Mary, A., Dayan, J., Leone, G., Postel, C., Fraisse, F., Malle, … Gagnepain, P. (2020). Resilience after trauma: The role of memory suppression. Science (New York, N.Y.), 367(6479), eaay8477. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay8477
  49. Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2016). Resilience in development: Progress and transformation. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology (Vol. 4, risk, resilience, and intervention) (3rd ed., pp. 271–333). New York: Wiley.
  50. Pietrzak, R. H., & Southwick, S. M. (2011). Psychological resilience in OEF-OIF Veterans: application of a novel classification approach and examination of demographic and psychosocial correlates. Journal of affective disorders, 133(3), 560–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.028
  51. Polusny, M. A., Marquardt, C. A., Hagel-Campbell, E., Filetti, C. R., Noël, V. V., Disner, S. G., … Erbes, C. R. (2021). Advancing research on mechanisms of resilience (armor) longitudinal cohort study of new military recruits: results from a feasibility pilot study. Research in Human Development, 18(3), 212–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2021.1964898
  52. Prykhodko, I., Kolesnichenko, O., Matsehora, Y., Aleshchenko, V., Kovalchuk, O., Matsevko, T., Krotiuk, V., & Kuzina, V. (2022). Effects of posttraumatic stress and combat losses on the combatants’ resilience. Československá Psychologie, 66(2), 157-169. https://doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.66.2.157
  53. Prykhodko, I., Matsehora,Y., Kolesnichenko, O., Voloshko, S., Vintoniak, V., Vasyukova, N., Budahiants, L., Kuzina, V., Motyka, S. (2024). Combat Stress in Military Personnel: Theory, Genesis, Prevention, and Control. Romanian Journal of Military Medicine, 127(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2023.127.1.3
  54. Reed-Fitzke, K., Ferraro, A. J., Duncan, J. M., Wojciak, A. S., Hamilton, A., & Pippert, H. D. (2022). Resilience in Army STARRS: Evaluating psychometrics of a multi-dimensional resilience measure. Military Psychology, 35(6), 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2022.2131187
  55. Ryff C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 83(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
  56. Schultebraucks, K., Choi, K. W., Galatzer-Levy, I. R., & Bonanno, G. A. (2021). Discriminating Heterogeneous Trajectories of Resilience and Depression After Major Life Stressors Using Polygenic Scores. JAMA psychiatry, 78(7), 744–752. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0228
  57. Shedler, J., Mayman, M., & Manis, M. (1993). The illusion of mental health. American Psychologist, 48(11), 1117–1131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.48.11.1117
  58. Sisto, A., Vicinanza, F., Campanozzi, L. L., Ricci, G., Tartaglini, D., & Tambone, V. (2019). Towards a Transversal Definition of Psychological Resilience: A Literature Review. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 55(11), 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55110745
  59. Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. European journal of psychotraumatology, 5, 10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338

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