The Bulletin of National Defence University of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the review of scientific concepts of the problem of adaptation of emigrants to living in another country. The concepts of «emigrant», «migration», «immigration» are revealed and their essence is outlined. The characteristics of «social adaptation» and «social maladaptation» of the emigrant, its phases and factors are presented. The categories of subjects most difficult to adapt in emigration are identified, among them the elderly and adolescents. The main psychological problems of subjects in exile are analyzed, which include: mental or cultural difficulties; adaptation in new living conditions; loss of emotional ties. It was found that such factors as: communicativeness, motivation, purposefulness, perseverance, self-control, resistance to nervous overstrain, etc. play a significant role in the emigrant's adaptation. The adaptation process is characterized by polarities from rapid adaptation to a decrease in emotional tone and deep depression, which can be manifested in addictions (alcoholism, drug addiction, gambling addiction, etc.), mental disorders and somatic diseases. The effectiveness of using the method of active socio-psychological training in the context of the adaptation of emigrants to a new environment has been proven. By carrying out an analysis of the unconscious tendencies of the psyche (infantile tendencies, tendency to psychological death and psychological impotence), the subject becomes more adapted to the fluid living conditions. It has been established that group activities, which are aimed at clarifying the deep psychological prerequisites of the emigrant's adaptation difficulties, contribute to the identification of unconscious problems that worsen in a crisis situation and create the emergence of maladaptive forms of behavior

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